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It sounds like you have a huge pocket of air that is slugging the pump inlet. The pump is not cavitating because the inlet pressure is high. The sound and symptoms are pretty much the same as cavitation. Cavitation is actually low pressure steam pockets not air but they sound the same except for the intensity.
 
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Keep in mind guys that the only thing the bladder does is prevent aeration of the water. You can operate the system without the bladder but having a bladder tank is a lot better. The point being this system can be made to operate problem free until the bladder problem is addressed. From the indicated symptoms (wide pump inlet pressure fluctuations) the problem appears to be air slugging combined with water logging of the ET. We don't know if the water logging is because the bladder has ruptured or if the air side of the tank is leaking.
This isn't meant to be critical of the suggestions given because they are good.
 
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The charge pressure chops is too high but the surges are because there is no air cap on the tank and there are air pocket surges followed by water slugs on the pump inlet. The weight of the water hits the pump inlet as it follows the air slugs. The water weight at the pump inlet is due to the water velocity and how far it falls behind the air.
I don't know if that's a good explanation but at least for now that's the best I can do.

The charge pressure with the pumps off should be the height of the system plus 5 PSIG.
 
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